Environmental Crime and Green Criminology

Ecological Crime and Green Criminology The quick social, innovative, political and ecological advancement of the world we live in is nearly inconceivable. Every one of these progressions have made developing requests for merchandise and enterprises that can't be provided any longer by the common economy and business administrations, yet the criminal economy must hop in. Besides, new versatility has expanded exchange, the travel industry, development of the logical and social collaboration and substantially more. Outskirts are turning pale and getting irrelevant. Everything has gone to the undreamed-of rate. In any case, shockingly simultaneously this advancement has caused war, pice, and wrongdoing of exceptional extent (Moore and Fields, 2005). Natural wrongdoing speaks to one of such (inter)national issue that is becoming exceptionally quick and wide and as worried by Fields, Arrigo and Webb (2005), these wrongdoing issues are profoundly unpredictable according to those with whom criminologists were utilized to manage, as it will be demonstrated as follows. Similar criminology alludes to the orderly and hypothetically educated correlation regarding guiltiness (wrongdoing and wrongdoing patterns) in at least two nations (Howard, Newman and Pridemore, 2010). Relative investigations are significant for criminology, since they offer incredible potential for expanding the informative influence of criminological theories. [1] Furthermore, similar criminal equity examines lessen the huge contrasts between crime percentages among various countries. [2] Although numerous creators (Shelley, 1981; Rokaw, Mercy and Smith, 1990; Hans-Gunther, Shelley and Kaoth, 1992) in the field of near criminal equity reviews expect that the objective of similar criminology is basically to test whether guarantees about wrongdoing causation stand up in the rich surface of social variety, Beirne and Nelken (1997) stress that the extent of relative criminology is more extensive than the quest for the reasons for wrongdoing. It incorporates the investigation of transnational wrongdoing, the issues of sending out models of wrongdoing control to different nations and the manner in which the perspectives on criminologists are themselves affected by their societies in the hunt of clarifications of wrongdoing. Besides, Bennett and Lynch (1990: 153) express that cross-national investigations of wrongdoing (criminal equity) issues assume a significant job in building hypothesis and controlling open approach. The last one increasingly more frequently depends on the logical study results and discoveries, with the goal of bringing the correct choice about the open related wrongdoing issues. Neuman and Berger (1998: 300-301) contend that relative criminology is tormented by a break among hypothesis and exploration. Thusly, the various degrees of hypothetical clarifications should be investigated with information that at the same time utilize factors at the logical and individual levels. Quantitative investigations must be supplemented by top to bottom authentic exploration so as to inspect the particular procedures happening inside countries. Quantitative cross-national examinations with total information are proper to assess elective viewpoints however it is imperative to be express about the methatheoretical suspicions fundamental such exploration. Beirne and Messeschmidt (1995) caution that whenever referenced conditions are not satisfied, studies will multiply with activities of check and misrepresentation of various center range speculations without a total improvement of hypothetical information. As called attention to by Meã… Â ¡ko (2008: 31), the issues about the development of wrongdoing and wrongdoing strategies among nations and societies and correlation between nations are significant. As per this it is significant who are the bearers of these progressions and correlations, and moreover the exchange of information, thoughts and ideas itself and their comprehension and usage in a general public. The motivation behind near investigations of wrongdoing and criminal equity is to know the effect of social, political, financial and different consequences for the distinctions in mentalities towards wrongdoing, law requirement reaction to infringement of laws wrongdoing and criminality. [3] The similar criminology empowers this. Various creators (Beirne and Hill, 1991, Fields and Moore, 1996; Wardak and Sheptycki, 2005, Reichel, 2008) characterize near criminology as the deliberate investigation of wrongdoing, law and social oversight in at least two societies, taking n ote of that this part of criminology has been dismissed before. Similar criminology with the help in the criminal equity framework and studies permits a correlation of wrongdoing and related marvels between at least two nations. By applying this technique, criminologists attempt to distinguish the likenesses and contrasts in wrongdoing designs between various societies. In a perfect world, it is important to test the hypothesis in the same number of various potential conditions. Howard and Newman (2001) focused on that in the most recent decade criminologists understood that most of the current criminal legitimate speculations are restricted uniquely to a couple of western nations. In the last time frame this circumstance is gradually changing, as the criminologists, confronted with increasing crime percentages, felt a solid need to share and trade the encounters and gain from one another. Reichel (2008: 30) brings up that at doing the examinations between nations one needs to conce ntrate on the changing crime percentages and give a brought together definition, revealing and recording or keeping of wrongdoing insights; in any case the outcomes are not agent, legitimate and valuable. Albeit numerous hypothetical, methodological, and philosophical issues surely have hounded similar criminology since its origin, Howard, Newman and Pridemore (2010) stress that this field of examination is as of now in a condition of fast development. Beirne (1983) cautions that any genuine near examination of wrongdoing must stand up to the unwavering quality of data about crime percentages and exploitation. Like all diverse examinations, similar criminology is plagued with troubles about what to look at, how and for what reason. Guarantee and the dangers of near criminology are everything except for insignificant, on the grounds that this type of criminological exploration faces extra snags of issues, which every social clarification face. Since the meaning of wrongdoing is traditional and in light of the fact that it relies upon contrasts between frameworks of criminal equity, the specialized and calculated impediments to looking at crime percentages and clarifying the reasons for criminal conduct similarly are unquestionably genuine. What's more, again and again, new inquiries spring up, for example, Is the importance of criminal conduct consistent across various legitimate frameworks and societies? How far would we be able to chance clarifications of natural wrongdoing, which maintain a strategic distance from reference to significance? What amount of unwavering quality would it be a good idea for us to connect to wrongdoing information from various social orders that are assembled by the police or by exploitation overviews? and so on. In 1987 Michalowski and Kramer led a near criminal equity (criminological) concentrate in the field of natural wrongdoing. Back in 1980s they saw the noteworthy extension of transnational organizations in the Third World. Since in many creating countries lawful command over corporate infringement against the earth didn't develop comparably these partnerships connected legitimately in an assortment of harmful activities that would have been perceived as infringement of criminal administrative, or common law in their nations of origin. As indicated by Michalowski and Kramer (1987) the distinctions in the laws of home/nations of beginning and host nations, and the capacity of transnational companies to impact the lawful atmosphere in the host nations renders the laws inferred at the degree of country expresses an inadmissible reason for deciding the extent of criminological examination on transnational corporate (ecological) crime. [4] Similar instances of developments are known add itionally in Europe, in Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine and so on.) and in the Balkan Region (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Kosovo and so forth.). Some West European and other remote partnerships moved the majority of their creation to these creating nations with the explanation of sensible creation costs, in spite of the fact that the second (covered up) purpose behind such choice was and still is less confined natural insurance legislation.â [5]â Bennett and Lynch (1990: 176) made an investigation of cross-national wrongdoing pointers and discovered that the specific use, to which information are put, will influence the likeness and unwavering quality of the spellbinding insights produced. In this regard they include that for overviews centered accumulated depiction or the clarification of change in wrongdoing across countries (aside from manslaughter) as well as across time, the selection of informational collection should be dictated by the overall unwavering quality of the information (for example assorted variety of included countries; the openness of the information; courses of events and fulfillment of the data). Moreover, Beirne and Lynch (1990) caution that Interpol informational collections are insufficient and questionable and in this manner not fitting for near cross-national overviews. When discussing the global informational indexes it should be added that one must be cautious when utilizing information from vari ous universal associations informational collections, for example, United Nations, World Health Organization, Interpol, Europol and so on., in light of the fact that they can separate without a doubt. On the opposite side, as expressed by Benne and Lynch (1990: 178), committed information assortment frameworks, for example, exploitation studies, offer more prominent potential for giving the information expected to enlightening cross-sectional examination purposes. The best case of near cross-national review is the International Crime Survey (ICS), where philosophy in every taking part nation is equivalent, which implies that consequences of directed examinations are solid and valuable. Howard, Newman and Pridemore (2010) quality a few objectives of similar exploration in criminology, from which some are evident utilizations of t

Beowulf &Superman essays

Beowulf &Superman expositions A saint is characterized in traditional folklore as a man, particularly the child of a divine being and a human, who is well known for having some uncommon blessing. Beowulf, the title character of an epic sonnet and Superman, an increasingly cutting edge legend are both prime models. Beowulf and Superman show a few contrasts, however they additionally share some comparative characteristics. Beowulf had extraordinary quality that isolated him from other men. Having the option to utilize a blade that no customary man had the option to convey gives the inclination that Beowulf is something in excess of an individual. It makes him unique and makes him stand apart from every other man. Acclaim is something that makes a legend increasingly noted. Beowulfs prominence had spread everywhere throughout the world. He never let this go to his head and he never believed that he was better than every other person as a result of it. By participating in this silly challenge, Beowulf almost got himself murdered attempting to demonstrate he was better than Brecca. Desire is never a decent attribute, particularly for a legend. Retribution is never an attribute of a genuine legend. A legend has no scores to settle. A genuine saint should battle just to ensure others and not out of his own fierceness. Likewise, with Beowulf being an individual, he was not strong. Beowulf didnt understand this until he battled the mythical beast. He knew nothing of the mythical serpent, its qualities, shortcomings or forces. Beowulf discovered what the mythical serpent was prepared to do and what its forces were. He realized that it could inhale fire, so he got a shield that would ensure him. He arranged his assault and thought it trough cautiously. He was dubious about himself and realized that this fight would be his last. Superman, otherwise called Clark Kent, is one of the most well known present day hero(not as cool as Batman mind you however relates better to Beowulf). Superman invested the greater part of his energy sparing individuals from catastrophic events and degenerate businesspeople. He would level ghettos to constrain the city to fabricate better than average lodging, and he ... <!

New Student Photo Series 2011 Edition COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2011 Edition COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I do not have a bucket list, but if I did one thing on it would be to take a photography class. I have always enjoyed taking photos, including the old days when you had to wait to see your pictures because there was film that needed to be processed. I remember my monthly ritual of when I lived in Korea.   Once a month I would develop photos to send home to my family.   There was no Internet and unlike today you could not snap a photo with your smart phone and deliver it to anyone in the world within a matter of seconds.   And yes, the walk to the photo lab was uphill both ways too, in a driving monsoon or snowstorm depending on the season. Each year students from close to 100 different countries enroll at SIPA.   For the past few years we have encouraged new students to submit pictures for publishing on the blog and it has been a great success.   New students, now is your time.   You may submit photos of anything you wish.   Travel photos, artistic photos, event photos, photos of yourself . . . anything you wish to share. I will then post them to this blog for all to enjoy. I have Photoshop so I can re-size the photos as necessary so you dont have to worry about size.   We typically post 2-3 photos per student so I would say the maximum number to send along for consideration would be five. To participate simply send along your photos as attachments to this address: sipa_new@columbia.edu. Do note that it can take a while for us to post them so we appreciate your patience. Please include the following when submitted your pictures: Your Name Your Degree Program (MIA, MPA, MPA-DP) Where the photo was taken A brief description of the photo Ill get the process started with a few of my own. This photo was taken in the summer of 1994 in Pusan, South Korea. I liked the juxtaposition of the modern, plastic, corporate icon Ronald McDonald and the older gentleman in traditional Korea garb. This picture was taken in the 50th Street Subway station of the A-C-E line in Manhattan in October of 2004. For a period of months I did a series on discarded coffee cups around the city. I entitled this one, Separation Anxiety. My wife and I recently visited Venice and this was a shot taken from the water bus the night we arrived Venice is magical both day and night. Hopefully this gives incoming students out there some inspiration and I look forward to receiving your photos so I can post them to the blog for all to see. Once again, send them to sipa_new@columbia.edu with the details listed above.

The Internet, is it a privilege or a necessity - 700 Words

The Internet, is it a privilege or a necessity? Dyson contends that there is an unequal access to computers because the computer and software industries are being forced to â€Å"upgrade their products constantly and new products remain out of the reach of the poor.† (Dyson, 1997) Barbour’s article simply states, â€Å"once we allow technology to define the good life, we have excluded many important human values from consideration.† (Barbour, 1993) The Internet, is it a privilege or a necessity? For my generation, the internet is a privilege because when I was younger, I did not have access to a computer or internet. For today’s generation, the internet is more of a necessity. It is necessary not only for researching and gathering†¦show more content†¦The State of Washington has developed an internet application system and â€Å"is crucial to fulfilling one of the Departments highest priority goals of having high quality, diverse and available job candidates ready for managers to hire in the shortest time possible.† (Bingham, Ilg, Davidson, 2002) The social injustice in this is that many people are being passed over for jobs because they simply do not have access to the internet. Filling out a job application and hand delivering it to the business you are applying to be less likely to happen nowadays. When my daughter was looking for her first job, she would walk into the business and the managers w ould tell her to go online to fill out an application. The job market is less personable which is maybe the reason why people are getting hired who are less than friendly and customer service in many businesses is less than stellar. The internet â€Å"is becoming our map and our clock, our printing press and our typewriter, out calculator and our telephone, and our radio and TV.† (Winston Edelbach, 2014, p. 278) According to Tamara Bonn, a local high school mathematics teacher, many of her students do not know how to tell time from a clock on the wall because it is not digital and not many of her students have watches. It is hard to find an actual city map because one can look on their GPS to get drivingShow MoreRelatedPrivilege Or A Necessity : The Internet896 Words   |  4 Pages Privilege or a necessity: The Internet. Do you believe that the internet is a privilege or a necessity? How would you feel if the internet didn’t exist? Many believe that it should be either a human right or a civil right. Although these may sound the same or similar, there is a huge difference between them and also a different meaning between the two. According to HG.org Human rights is defined as ‘’ generally thought as fundamental rights. They include the right to life, education, free expressionRead MoreThe Development Of Creative Thinking Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesreconsidering of the very concept of education because of the development of digital age, multitasking society, the influence of the Internet. Also, the author insists on the development of such qualities as initiative, mobility, flexibility, the need for self-development, readiness for unconventional and creative solutions. In this regard, the objective necessity becomes the application of modern educational technologies to not onl y transmit knowledge but also to shape students ability to acquireRead MoreRisk Assessment : Ethical And Operational And Control Systems Of The Clinical Organization Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pagescardiologists have continual access to the patient records to keep away from loss of life. Risk assessment approach: Risk evaluation method is used to report and plan the method that’s had to design a catastrophe recuperation plan that meets the necessities of the organization. †¢ perceive the dangers and vulnerabilities. †¢ Determine which a part of the enterprise is harmed if a threat causes harm. †¢ Evaluate the effect of the risk and the counter measures to be taken. †¢ Record and document the findingRead MoreCell Phone Addiction and Face to Face Conversation1050 Words   |  4 Pagespeople have a significant issue with not being able to disengage from their cell phone. So-called â€Å"smart phones,† which combine functionality of an organizer, browsing the Internet, playing tunes, and taking pictures, only worsen the reliance on one’s cell phone. Cell phones are no longer just a privilege but now have become a necessity. While using such devices for everyday tasks, work, and socializing with friends and family is perfectly normal, not being able to put them down while engaged in a conversationRead MorePolice Data Published By The Daily Mail On The Internet954 Words   |  4 PagesPolice data published by the Daily Mail on the Internet, provides evidence suggesting that one crime is committed every five seconds in the United States of America. Resulting in seventeen thousand two hundred eight crimes per day. This shocking num ber evidently demonstrates that on average too many crimes are committed everyday, and while this data is a reliable source that can be relied on to give people an idea of how many crimes are committed everyday on average; it fails in informing us on theRead MoreThe Future Of Affiliate Partner Marketing1558 Words   |  7 Pagesinternational profile. For the most part, access to the Internet and other technological devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops are no longer privileges of the lucky few but necessities that a very large portion of the global population now possess. Globalization and digitalization are now two irreversibly and intricately interconnected forces. In other words, more people in more places around the world now have more and more access to the Internet, which means that your business?s online and globalRead MoreFacebook and Social Media Addiction938 Words   |  4 Pagesher mom noticed†¦ Sarah was crying over an electronic device. At that point sh e understood that her daughter was falling into the deep, dark hole of social media addiction. Why are social sites like a drug to some people? Is it normal to use the Internet a lot? What really makes a person addicted to a social media site? To answer these crucial questions, one must understand completely what an addiction is. Contrary to popular belief, it’s not only drug, alcohol and sex related but is defined as theRead MoreThe New Features Of Windows Server 20121308 Words   |  6 Pagesthere will not be many restrictions in place due to the fact the organization is an advertising firm and need access to more than likely a wide variety of applications. All users accounts will have basic user privileges and access besides the IT department which will have administrator privileges on their accounts. Password and account policies in place will include 10 length character passwords to include 2 uppercase and special symbols, the user will be required to change their password every 120Read More(Persuasive Speech) City-Wide Wifi1557 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation r elies on technology so much in our new generation,a free public WiFi could be very beneficial to our society. Thesis: Because our world is more technology based than ever, city WiFi will be easier than any other way of connecting to the Internet. --- #1 Attention-getting topic sentence: Free public wifi has the potential to bring society to a whole new level of sophistication. Analysis: People could communicate freely and without data-lag. Business owners could communicate withRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Society869 Words   |  4 Pagescomes with a price--a $4.99 per month subscription fee to have the privilege of using the payment method. It s powered by MasterCard, so it s basically a prepaid MasterCard, but with a high monthly fee, and it is legit. Although, the MasterCard Company charges a fee of $4.99, I believe this fee is the cost for convenience during any purchase, and the security decreases for someone to steal our identity. The rapid growth of the internet worldwide in the early 1990’s sparked a technological revolution

Want to Know More About Ielts Essay Introduction Samples?

Want to Know More About Ielts Essay Introduction Samples? Top Choices of Ielts Essay Introduction Samples If you practice enough, introductions will wind up easy and you'll do them in only a couple of minutes. When it has to do with writing an overall statement, the very first sentence in an introductory paragraph ought to be an extremely general comment about the matter. Understanding Ielts Essay Introduction Samples The introduction must connect with the remainder of the essay. An excellent introduction is the thing that makes people wish to read your essay. Possessing a well-written introduction is essential to a thriving essay. It tells the examiner which you've understood the question and will result in a very clear and coherent essay. The introduction is the initial portion of the essay the examiner will read and it'll give them a decent first impression of what things to expect in the remaining portion of the essay. Within this introductory lesson you will locate some guidance regarding how you should write an IELTS essay. Students often ask about what's the aim of the introduction in an essay. A self-introduction essay is, in most circumstances, written employing the first-person standpoint. For instance, you could be requested to present your opinion on an issue, and after that go over the advantages or disadvantages of it. These particular questions take a different approach to opinion essays as you have to go over both sides rather than just argue in favour of a single side. Try out this opinion essay question about the price of space exploration. The Secret to Ielts Essay Introduction Samples You can begin with your outline and get to the whole paper writing. The thesis statement is quite much like the title. The essay is all about the advantages and drawbacks of IT, so these will have to be discussed in distinct paragraphs. A well-structured essay has a superior introduction, body paragraphs that are simple to follow and connect with each other, and a great conclusion. Some facets of celebrity culture have a poor influence on young individuals. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the appropriate style. First, the essay will talk about the value of parental involvement during childhood and second, the essay will appear at the significance of experiencing a part-time job during childhood. In the event you're unhappy with the work you are able to secure the job revised free of charge. The Basic Facts of Ielts Essay Introduction Samples Try to remember that you're supposed to answer the question not write generally about the subj ect. This post will allow you to overcome these problems and offer you a sample answer. The topic doesn't have to be in the very first sentence, but nevertheless, it needs to be made clear somewhere in the introduction. Start with a fast brain-storm about the subject. Outline how you plan to answer the question This is a really significant part the introduction. Keep it brief and make sure it's directly about the question. In Task 2, don't forget that it is possible to write about other people's ideas too. You might want to include 1 sentence addressing the reason why this problem is interesting or important, and to whom. Ielts Essay Introduction Samples - Is it a Scam? Essays, however, may need a little more courage at the start, but as you're already here hunting for information, why not to begin with practice too. All the info is from the question, but it's been written in a different way and has not yet been copied. By varying your vocabulary this way you're demonstrating that you have a vast vocabulary, which will enhance your band score. There are then more lessons on these pages for various kinds of essay and unique questions, with a lot of suggestions and strategies for achieving a high score. If you use this structure you won' t only score higher marks but you'll also save time in the exam. It is a good idea to paraphrase but you will lower your band score in case you have too many errors.

Discussion. Digital Nation Free Essays

Students felt that computing class is less boring than original classes. Also, young students can learn what netiquette is. Another example was ‘Bubby cooks’. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussion. Digital Nation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through her story, I could find that humans culture can adopted into technical environment by social services such as twitter, Youth, and personal blobs. 2) Is customizing the message and targeting resources tailored around consumer preferences and habits a good thing? An efficient use of resources? Dealt nations customize each consumer because many business people try to close to consumers by virtual systems. Virtual systems are a kind of online space. Through the virtual systems, people can imagine their commercial goals and create new situations. Also, they can discover diverse unique situations such as crisis markets. For example, according to World Dairy Expo sass, â€Å"Technology has made deep inroads into the world of dairy farming, helping manage day-to-day chores and collecting and analyzing the large batches of data a herd of cattle generates daily’ (Acrobat 42). It means that digital and technical life influences not only consumers but also many companies. The reason is that many companies can find products and services which have more benefits for their consumers. Also the consumers can satisfy their consumption and the companies, and they believe digital data that Is related with the companies. For this reason, consuming data can give much more beneficial Information to humans’ life. Although the data and Information sometimes give negative parts, the parts also become a kind of digital life where modern people lives in. Reference Hill, Elizabeth. â€Å"Big Dairy Enters The Era of Big Data. † Bloomberg Businesslike 22 October 2012: 41-42 print. Discussion. Digital Nation By alleviators 1) In today’s technological immersion environment, do you think the good side of it Technological environment is very powerful and complicated to people. The reason is that some people think digital life gives positive and good affections, but Digital nations customize each consumer because many business people try to data that is related with the companies. For this reason, consuming data can give much more beneficial information to humans’ life. How to cite Discussion. Digital Nation, Papers

The Similarities And Differences Between Twains The Adventures Of Tom

The similarities and differences between Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are two novels that focus on the lives of two different young men living in the same town. Both young men are the main characters of each novel. Tom's character was based much on the life of the author Mark Twain. Both lost their mother at a young age and both were too smart for their own good. The novels are similar and different in many ways. One way that they are similar are the titles. Both titles give us an idea that the book is about two different boy's adventure. Another way is their faith both boys reject religion. Huck reason is that when he prayed for what he wanted, he didn't get anything so he thinks Christian faith and praying is pointless. Both boys personalities are very different practically opposites. Tom is a very unpredictable, uncooperative, and lazy child with a carefree attitude who gets a thrill out of fighting and playing. He is very intelligent for his age even though he smoked. He's a mischievous child who lives by the quote "Work consists of whatever a body is obliged to do, and that play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do " if there's something wrong to be done he's going to be doing it. Deep down inside is a boy who has a very low self esteem and trys to hide it. Tom feels unloved even though he has a family and whenever he feels unloved he imagines his own funeral and questions his existence. Probably that's the reason why he a troubled child he doesn't feel that he's living for any good reason, so he might as well be bad. Huck is given the title of being an outcast in the town. He has no family and feels very isolated. Even though he's not very smart, he's a logical thinker who believes in what he sees. Huck is very fearful of superstition and gullible. When he encounters an event that he believes his superstitious he thinks to the future and will happen to him will it be good or bad. Tom lives day to day.

Why Did Nationalism Prove Such an Unstoppable Force Under Gorbachev Essay Example

Why Did Nationalism Prove Such an Unstoppable Force Under Gorbachev Essay Example Why Did Nationalism Prove Such an Unstoppable Force Under Gorbachev Essay Why Did Nationalism Prove Such an Unstoppable Force Under Gorbachev Essay Under Gorbachev nationalism proved an unstoppable force that precipitated the collapse of the Soviet Union. Nationalism had always existed across the Union but it was allowed to surface and become a problem under Gorbachev predominantly because of his tactical mistakes and because of his reform programme. Nationalism became an unstoppable force because of the deprivation in many Soviet republics. The economic reforms of perestroika were designed to rejuvenate the weak Soviet economy and put it on par with western economies. However, McCauley wrote that economically, perestroika was an abject failure resulting in economic decline, shortages, large budget deficits and rising inflation (1998, 265). By 1990 the economy was in such a poor state that many people in the republics argued that greater autonomy or independence was necessary to protect their economies from collapsing (Walker, 1993, 182). Economic reforms continually failed to give the republics either ownership or managerial control over natural resources or fixed assets on their territory. Yeltsin, who was a popular nationalist campaigner, often complained that even Russia owned just fifteen percent of its resources in 1990 because they were largely controlled by the Soviet Union (Walker, 1993, 178). As perestroika developed, there was a growing belief that the only way to reform the economy was to move away from the centrally planned economy and rely more on market mechanisms. These reforms seriously damaged the Soviet Union because it was taken for granted that state property was the bedrock of a socialist system (McCauley, 1992, 91). The CPSU was legitimised by the fact it was leading the Soviet Union forward to socialism but the economic reforms were clearly not socialist. The existence of the Soviet Union relied on the legitimacy of the CPSU, which was now rendered illegitimate by economic reforms. McCauley wrote, the CPSU was the institution which provided the glue which kept the whole system together. No alternative institution was set up to replace it. One of Gorbachevs failures was that whereas he destroyed the old system, he did not put a new one in its place (1998, 269). Without legitimacy it was almost impossible for the CPSU to hold the Soviet Union together, when there were strong nationalist movements in the republics, who derived legitimacy from popular support. Gorbachev attempted to give the CPSU a new basis of legitimacy in the form of electoral accountability. However the elections were a success for nationalist movements and only consolidated their position and authority shifted further from the centre to the republics. The newly elected republican legislatures claimed greater legitimacy because they were more representative and so refused to be subordinate to federal power (Walker, 1993, 179). The elections boosted the confidence of the nationalist movement and many became increasingly radical. For example, a war of laws began. Republican legislatures changed many federal policies and laws and refused to implement federal orders unless they would benefit the republic (Walker, 1993, 181). Glasnost was a key part of Gorbachevs reforms. In Russian, glasnost literally means openness and Gorbachev believed that a relaxation of censorship and oppression was needed so vital new ideas could come forward to benefit the Soviet Union. However, glasnost contributed greatly to the collapse of the Soviet Union because it unleashed nationalist forces. Firstly, this is because, people were finally shown the ills of the Soviet Union. Walker wrote the mediawhich had always painted a rosy picture of society, began to fill up with horror stories (1993, 137). Terrible stories about the actions of Lenin and Stalin were released and investigative journalists such as young televisions producer Nerzorov, revealed the dire situation the Soviet Union was currently in (McCauley, 1992, 101). Secondly, glasnost removed cultural oppression and allowed nationalist feelings that had always existed to emerge. Across the Soviet Union there was enormous cultural diversity and only a weak common identity. People were finally allowed to say that they wanted their state to be based on a cultural community and that people of the same community should rule it, which fundamentally undermined the idea of the Soviet Union ruled by the CPSU from Moscow (Sakwa, 1998, 279). People were able to organise themselves into nationalist movements and put strong collective pressure on the Soviet Union (Daniels, 1993, 125). Thirdly, the Congress of 1989 dealt a huge blow to the Soviet Union because it gave nationalist tensions an incredibly public platform. This would not have been possible before glasnost. McCauley wrote the old practice of an official line, carefully agreed speeches, and unanimous approval were gone forever (1992, 101). The arguments highlighted how fragmentation of the Soviet Union and the problems with it. The Congress was extremely significant because the Soviet public paid so much attention. Kiernan wrote the nation sat virtually hypnotised in front of its televisions as an unprecedented political spectacle was played out daily (1993, 218). Nationalism and resentment of the Soviet Union was compounded by a series of outbreaks of violence, which ended in Soviet troops killing people in the republics. Gorbachev was indirectly responsible for the killing in Baku, Tbilisi, and Vilinius. He advocated the violence but was shocked at the loss of life (McCauley, 1998, 274). These incidents could not just be swept under the carpet with glasnost. It was clear that Gorbachev had lost control in an unprecedented way for a General Secretary of the CPSU. This strengthened nationalist feeling because people started to seek a new coherent leadership and people were no longer as afraid of defying Gorbachev. This is exemplified by the Gorbachevs swing to the right in the summer of 1990 to consolidate his position (Walker, 1993, 183). Gorbachev made numerous enemies because of his reforms, or by replacing people in power, such as members of the Politburo and the Secretariat. He was continuously attacked and criticised to the point that a coup was staged in 1991 (McCauley, 1998, 92). Many of the people Gorbachev alienated also expressed their dislike by supporting nationalist movements (for example, Yeltsin). They knew that if they destabilised the Soviet Union they would weaken Gorbachevs position. There were external factors that gave rise to nationalism in the Gorbachev era. Firstly, many western states, including most importantly the USA, helped nationalist movements gain greater influence by giving them resources. For example, nationalist movements in the Baltic covertly received printing presses from the USA to enable them to mass produce their nationalist newspapers and pamphlets. Secondly, the new freedoms allowed under glasnost allowed the Soviet public to see that life was far better in the mixed economies of the West. Nationalism became more popular as people in the Soviet republics lost faith in the Union and felt that they could have a better standard of living if they were self-determined (Sakwa, 1998, 288). Finally, it is even alleged that Reagan started a new arms race with a renewed military build-up in the 1980s because he knew that the Soviet economy was weak and could collapse under the strain. This would have added to the deprivation in the republics and sti mulated nationalism (Heywood, 1997, 148). One of Gorbachevs biggest failures as Soviet leader was to almost ignore the national question. He embarked on a massive programme of economic and political reform but failed to address the significant impact this would have on the federal structure of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev failed to appease nationalist with concession and so radicalised them. Initially most nationalists called for greater freedoms, however, when Gorbachev failed to listen to their calls they moved towards wanting secession (Walker, 1993, 174-5). Nationalist movement across the republics of the Soviet Union were very different. They varied greatly in the tactics they employed and the pace at which they moved. This is demonstrated by the numerous differences between nationalists in the Baltic and Central Asia. Nationalist movements in the Baltic tended to be more radical than in Central Asia. It was Baltic nationalists that first challenged the authority of the Soviet Union with declarations of sovereignty. They were the first to discuss secession and the first to secede (Daniels, 1993, 126). Baltic nationalists were also far more protective of their ethnic identity and against, what they saw as, Russian imperialism. Daniels wrote in the extreme case, to protect their ethnic identity, the Baltic republics have tried to deny equal rights of citizenship to Russians and others who may actually have been born there and lived there all their lives (1993, 135). The radicalism in the Baltic republics is understandable in the light of the fact they were only incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940 as a result of the Nazi-Soviet Pact (Walker, 1993, 117). In the 1980s, people in the Baltic could still remember the Soviets colluding with the Nazis and treating their nation like a commodity. This is very different to Central Asia, where many of the Soviet states had been part of a Russian-centred empire for at least one-hundred years (Daniels, 1993, 135). Central Asian republics also benefited economically from being in the Soviet Union. They tended to have weak economies and received a net inwards flow of resources as a result of being part of the Union (Walker, 1993, 180). The opposite is the case in the Baltic republics because they were some of the richest and most developed in the Soviet Union. Their bitterness at being part of the Soviet Union was compounded by the net outflow of resources (Muiznieks, 1995, 21). Nationalist movements in Central Asia did not have the ambition or the scope of those in the Baltic republics. They tended to be more concerned with local projects that directly influenced them, whereas the Baltic republics became the battleground over the fate of the Soviet Union. Muiznieks wrote nationalist movements in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania not only destroyed the structures of Soviet power in their own republics, but exported their revolutions to other areas of the Union as well (1995, 3). This is because nationalist movements in the Baltic believed that their interests would be best served by helping unleash nationalism across the Soviet Union. They also were driven by ideology to a greater extent than nationalist movements in Central Asia. The movements in the Baltic were committed to the belief that peoples should have the right to self-determination. They attempted to find allies in other Soviet republics and if they could not find some they would proactively try to cr eate some. They did this by stirring up nationalist agitation with the numerous publications and radio stations they established. Once nationalist feeling had grown, prominent activists were often sent out to help nationalist movements grow by offering practical assistance (Muiznieks, 1995, 7-8). Even if nationalist movements across the Soviet Union did not directly collude with those in the Baltic republics, there are numerous instances (for example Belorussia, Moldavia and the Ukraine) of movements importing the methods and goals of Baltic movements (Muiznieks, 1995, 11). The Baltic movements were also very influential because the Baltic was the most westernised part of the Soviet Union and managed to maintain some links with the West, and therefore contact with or emulation of the Balts might have been perceived as enhancing ones own western orientation (Muiznieks, 1995, 20). Nationalist movements in Central Asia were not as influential as those in the Baltic because they concentrated more on local disputes. They did not provide a model that was compatible with many of the republics of the Soviet Union because they were predominantly Islamic. Some animosity existed with the Christian majority across the Soviet Union. The model provided by movements in Central Asia was also much less appealing because of the violence and involvement of the Soviet military. In comparison the Baltic model was much less dangerous (Muiznieks, 1995, 20-1). In conclusion, Gorbachevs reforms, primarily perestroika and glasnost, proved to be an absolute disaster for the Soviet Union because they compounded nationalist feeling and allowed it to be expressed openly. Gorbachev crucially failed to address the national question although he had unleashed. By the time he had realised there was a serious problem, he no longer had the power to rectify the situation. Therefore, it is fair to blame Gorbachev for letting nationalism become an unstoppable force.

3 Sentences That Present Obstacles to Comprehension

3 Sentences That Present Obstacles to Comprehension 3 Sentences That Present Obstacles to Comprehension 3 Sentences That Present Obstacles to Comprehension By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, the statement’s wording or syntax problematically interferes with reader comprehension. Discussion and revision of each example points the way to a clear solution. 1. He exchanged greetings with leaders from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. This sentence implies that Afghanistan and Zimbabwe are names of leaders, because the writer is trying to use from both on its own and as part of a â€Å"from . . . to† range. For the statement to make sense, the category of which the two names are examples must be specified, preceded by a preposition linking leaders with that word: â€Å"He exchanged greetings with leaders of countries ranging from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe.† 2. Focusing on H1-B visa reform has caught the technology industry’s attention, which has long argued that it must attract the best and most qualified workers to compete in the global marketplace.   Here, the attention of the technology industry, rather than the industry itself, is said to have argued a proposition. To properly identify who or what is doing the arguing, that entity must be mentioned immediately before the subordinate clause, as shown here: â€Å"Focusing on H1-B visa reform has caught the attention of the technology industry, which has long argued that it must attract the best and most qualified workers to compete in the global marketplace.† 3. Companies should follow a common privacy framework such as the federal Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Privacy and Security Framework for Electronic Exchange of Individually Identifiable Health Information. Take care not to overwhelm the reader with excessively long, complex strings of words in proper names. Here, a standard developed by a federal agency is treated as if the agency’s name is part of the standard’s designation. A simple (but scarcely more effective) solution is to use the possessive form of the agency’s name. Better yet, treat the connection of the agency’s name to the standard as a subordinate clause: â€Å"Companies should follow a common privacy framework such as the Privacy and Security Framework for Electronic Exchange of Individually Identifiable Health Information, a standard developed by the federal Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†Precedent vs. PrecedenceFew vs. Several

Social And Economic Imbalance In The Todays Society Essay

Social And Economic Imbalance In The Todays Society - Essay Example This kind of economic contrast is seen in the two essays, Working at Wendy’s and Dumpster diving, the writers of both the essays are in different sorts of economic conditions and had to do socially unappreciated jobs in order to deal with their own circumstances and conditions and doing these jobs they had to came to know about the social discrimination in different styles which are still existent in the today’s settings. Joey Franklin the writer of Working at Wendy’s believes in the power of positive thinking and appreciates the struggles of people who were his co-workers at Wendy’s which is considered to be a low profile job but in his essay J. Franklin describes many people with whom he worked and elaborates that all of these people had all kinds of reasons to work there; to stay out of jail, to support their families financially and to pay bills. Working at Wendy’s was something that Franklin had sworn never to do the with the birth of his first child and his wife still studying, the financial conditions became tight and he had to find some night job and in this way, he could spend time with his son in the daytime. In this time of high competition when to get any job one has to beat thousands of other applicants and then gets the job but it was not the case at Wendy’s; there Franklin got the job by only answering two questions i.e. â€Å"What hours you want to work?† and â€Å"When you want to start?† and later he learned that even working in this place was not easy.  ... â€Å"What hours you want to work?† and â€Å"When you want to start?† and later he learned that even working in this place was not easy. He found himself incompetent in a job where he didn’t think he would be incompetent and he realized it when he was standing in the line of sandwiches and a high school dropout yells at him, â€Å"Come on Joe! Get it right!† When he told about this job to his father, he did not approve such a low profile job for his son who was two semesters away from graduating and everyone he knew felt sorry for him that he had to work at such a place and that is how he always had to face the social disparity just because of the type of job he was doing. He did not like the work himself but he was satisfied that his family loved him and all his hard work was paid off. Later he said, â€Å"I learned that what is most important to me is not how the world views me, but how my family views me†¦ and the reality is each of us will make the greatest mark between the four walls of our home.† (Lorimer) Lars Eighner the writer of Dumpster Diving called himself a scavenger rather than someone who picks up anything which could be used from the dumps. As Eighner’s savings started running out he had to suffice on his intermittent income to pay his rents and depend on dumpsters his necessities like food, toilet paper, medicine and other things which found and were usable in any way for him or his dog Lizbeth. In these conditions of financial breakdown he learnt many things like which things could still be used when those were thrown away in the dump and how the discarded food could be safe to consume. He uses lofty vocabulary in his essay to gain credibility for the processes he used to refine the food he collected from the dumps like he says,

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supply chain management - Essay Example Many managers of the supply chain are now coming to the realization that the traditional approaches are not sufficient in keeping up with the changes. These traditional approaches do not give the incentives or even means to make continuous changes that are necessary to remain competitive. In order for them to stay in business, the managers of the supply chain need to act, as well as think, differently with the changes that they are required to institute being profound. What makes a difference between leaders and â€Å"laggers† is the ability to give services and products in a sustainable and consistent way that are reflective of higher agility, higher transportation speed, lower prices, and higher quality (Wisner et al, 22). Some of the concepts that would be proposed in the pursuit of achievement of the goals are environmental sustainability, quality practices and better designs, and lean manufacturing. These concepts need to be assessed and their adoption facilitated in New Zealand. In recent times, New Zealand has seen a significant increase in awareness, generally, of strategies of quality improvement, supplier integration, and lean manufacturing. ... It is, therefore, vital that all producers comprehend good agricultural practice and their supply chain (The Agri-chain Center 1). The supply chain also consists of quality assurance where freshly produced goods have quality assurance services that are inclusive of product assessments with basis on sound knowledge of the product, as well as a thorough comprehension of plant pathology after harvesting. The consumer is the next link in the supply chain; they have an increased awareness in relation to quality and safety of the products. The organization must ensure that they meet the demands through a conduction of consumer and climate survey (The Agri-chain Center 1). Product safety solutions are yet another link in the supply chain management. The organizations offer a wide array of product-safety training, as well as support options that adhere to the necessities of consumers and the regulatory institutions (The Agri-chain Center 1). In the transportation of products internationally, organizations also require that imported goods on the high seas to the consumer comply with bio-security requirements of the Ministry for Primary Industries. These organizations now have at their disposal an array of services that ensure they achieve compliance with the Ministry of primary Industries. Finally, there is training for most organizations in areas of quality and safety of products, as well as bio-safety (The Agri-chain Center 1). Over the last fifteen years, most organizations in New Zealand are now making genuine improvements as they move to customer focused and quality based strategies of supply chain management away from strategies and tactics based on cost (Wisner et al, 32). There are also significant increases in the awareness, generally, on strategies of

Lateral Ankle Sprain Injury Health And Social Care Essay

Lateral Ankle Sprain Injury Health And Social Care Essay The aim of this essay is to provide a factual study and evaluation of the implications of a lateral ankle sprain and the pathopysiological processes that may be involved. This study discusses the social and psychological factors that may impact on the patients experience of such injuries, highlighting the importance of . The following case study on Mr Attallah Khan provides a platform to discuss presenting biopsychosocial factors that need to be considered when devising a management plan. Mr Khan sprained his ankle whilst taking part in a three legged race. He turned over on his right ankle experiencing intense pain with inability to bear weight. The main structures within the ankle that would be affected in this type of injury would be the three main lateral ligaments that help to prevent the ankle form rolling forward and outward together with the muscles of the lateral compartment, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis.( re the anterior talofibular ligament, the posterior tablofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament.) Hubbard T, Wikstrom E, states that anterior talofibular ligaments (ATFL), reported to be the weakest is the first ligament injured. This is followed by calcaneofibular ligament (PTFL) and finally to the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). X-rays of right ankle showed no fractures. Mr Khan is a week post injury and at sub acute level of inflammation. The subacute stage is when healing and repair occurs. As a result of the inflammation Mr Khan has experienced soreness and swelling that causes him a lot of discomfort at the end of the day. He uses the crutch to help him get about but finds it difficult managing stairs and manoeuvring around the office. Hubbard T, Wikstrom E states that in order to regain stability of the ankle joint, immediate care and rehabilitation should focus on enhancing ligament healing. 2. Mr Khan lives with his wife and two children. He has been recently promoted to Partner in a city law firm. He is fairly active and enjoys family activities such as playing with the children and family walks. Mr Khan may feel immense pressure and anxiety to carry on with his normal daily duties at home and at work despite his injury. He suffers from tension headaches which may be a result of heavy work pressures as a result of his demanding position, for this he takes ibuprofen. Although Mr Khan takes for his headaches it may slow down the healing of the damaged ligaments. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, substances that are involved in pain and also in the creation of collagen Warden S.J et al ( 2009) Collagen is the key element of most tissues and without prostaglandins collagen cannot be made which will hinder the repair of the tissue. By taking such painkillers Mr Khan may continue daily duties without the signals of pain resulting in further injury t o the affected area. Mr Khan also continues to work and has to also commute to the city and meetings, this lack of rest and weight bearing on the ankle may further delay the healing process. Mr Khan has forthcoming plans to travel in four months to America and then to Pakistan this will make a quick recovery his main priority. Mr Khan is a successful professional, intelligent and very motivated. With this in mind (Hegna T, Sveram M 1990) states that it is important to structure a rehabilitation plan that may influence motivation during recovery and it is necessary to try and identify which factors arouse each individuals motivation so that strategies can be used to enhance it. In order provide a successful plan for rehabilitation it would be necessary to set achievable, realistic goals in line with Mr Khan desired outcome which to walk again uninhibited by pain or swelling. To achieve full compliance may prove to be very difficult but the practitioner being seen as the professional whose role is to help patients achieve their objective may promote patient adherence. In Mr Khans case the management plan must include functional activities that are designed to initiate full recovery of the injury which will in turn allow Mr Khan to get on with his life. Management of Mr Khans lateral ligament injury will involve protection, rest, ice ,compression and elevation (PRICE) and function rehabilitation ie. Early mobilisation with support states Mattacola G, Dwyer K (2002). Research shows that early mobilisation of the joint will stimulate collagen bundle orientation and therefore stimulate healing. The primary goal for Mr Khan is to manage the pain, control the inflammation and protect the joint so that healing can take place. Hubbard T, Wikstrom E, (2010). state that in the acute stages of healing it is important to protect the lateral ligament of the ankle because the damage caused would have caused increased laxity. Protection is required with ankle bracing to prevent re-injury while the ligament heals. Rest is a necessary element to Mr Khans plan, this may however be difficult to enforce as Mr Khan is a very active man and may feel it necessary to place his treatment plan secondary to his family and work commitments. Enforcement of thi s rule may require discussions with Mr Khan in order to identify the factors that may hinder him from fully resting his ankle, this may also require the supervision and cooperation of the rest of his family. Factors to consider may be his workload as a new partner in the solicitors firm in which he works, together with the fact that the climbing of stairs with a crutch to get to his office is proving very difficult for him. This may require a temporary relocation of his office to the ground floor or a period of working at home until Mr Khan is able to bear weight on the ankle. Mr Khan is an intelligent man and needs to appreciate the logic in the activities he has been asked to do. It is important for the rehabilitation plan to reflect Mr Khans objectives but equally as important is the requirement for Mr Khan to cooperate and fully embrace the plan in order for it to be successful. Mr Khan must also elevate the ankle to reduce the swelling which will result in less pain; an ice com pression will also assist in this process. With less pain present Mr Khan may begin to engage in gentle mobilisation techniques leading onto exercises that restore motion and strength usually within 48 to 72 hours of injury. It is vital that the patient has complete confidence and have an understanding that if they cooperate and comply with each stage of the plan it will eventually lead to a successful outcome. Dividing the rehabilitation up into short term goals such as reducing the inflammation resulting in less pain progressing to long term goals will allow both patient and practitioner to monitor and measure the success of the treatment and make adjustments where necessary. When short term goals are accomplished this then provides encouragement and motivation for future stages in the treatment. Mr Khan must understands that if the inflammation is first addressed and dealt with then the pain will subside leading to increased range of motion and joint stability, thus leading to a return of activities of daily living (ADL). Patients can become non-compliant to treatment plan if they do not appreciate the rationality behind what they are asked to do. Ley. P. (1988) states that by Improving communication by either increasing the amount of information provided or by using special techniques can often led to increased understanding, recall and satisfaction. Mr Khan is impatient and frustrated with his injury and feels that it is an obstacle to fulfilling the commitments he faces with this in mind it is important to explain why it is necessary to engage with to the treatment and failure to do so may lead to a delayed recovery, that may prevent him from not only continuing in his weekend walks with the family but also may result in him having to cancel his forthcoming travel plans. The Biopsychosocial model of health best fits this case as it is vital to take into account the biological, psychological and socio-cultural factors surrounding Mr Khans case. By not focusing on the injury in isolation but taking into account Mr Khans lifestyle, mind-set, commitments, education, perception of control and his ultimate goals, a precise achievable treatment plan can be devised to help restore him not only back to full, pain-free mobility but to his role in society as a husband, father and lawyer.

Projects and Project Management Essay

Organizational leaders are facing complex challenges through a rapid rate of change in both the technology and government which has then created pressure in new and existing organizations. As a result, the traditional structure for managing is giving way to a new form of management (Kerzner, 2003). This form is project management. How can this be? Projects have been around since the building of the pyramids (Dobson, 2003). In 2650 B.C., the step pyramid was built by Imhotep for the pharaoh Zoser in Egypt. The building of Stonehenge occurred about 150 years later. In another 2,500 years, the Mayans began building pyramids throughout Central America. These were the very first projects in history. The builders of these structures used simple tools and did not have paper or software programs (Lewis, 1995). The beginning of project management as a discipline began in the 1950Â’s and 1960Â’s in the United States but was not generally accepted until today. The purpose of this initial lecture is to help you in: 1.Recognizing projects. 2.Developing an understanding of project management. 3.Recognizing the project management process. This lecture will support these objectives by providing you with definitions, examples and descriptions of projects and project management. Additionally, the lecture will conclude with a brief description of the project management process. ProjectsIn business today, there are many types of projects with endless possibilities. A project can be:Developing a new product or service. Implementing a new business process. Developing a marketing plan. Completing an assignment. According to Lewis (1995:2) a project is: “a one-time job that has definite starting and ending points, clearly defined objectives, scope and (usually) a budget.” The key words in this definition are underlined to aid you in differentiating between a project and a repetitive process or operation such as order processing or production. Operations and projects share characteristics. They are both:Performed by people. Constrained by limited resources. Planned, executed and controlled (PMI, 2000:4-5). However, a project can be differentiating from an operation by its distinctive characteristics. As the Project Management Institute (2000: 4-5) explains: “a project is a temporary endeavor to create a unique product or service.” In this definition, temporary refers to the definite beginning and end while unique refer to the difference of the project from others. For seemingly repetitive actives like building houses from the same blueprint that are always unique features and problems. For example, the climate may vary or there could be special restrictions for zoning. Another view of a project is provided by (Kerzner, 2000:2) as a series of tasks that:Have a specified objective to be completed within certain specifications. Have a defined start and finish. Consume human and nonhuman resources (such as money, time, expertise, equipment). Are multifunctional (they cut across functional lines such as marketing, design, development, production and so forth). Project ReviewA project is a one-time job. This is:Temporary. Unique. With a clear start & finish. Consuming resources (human and nonhuman)Budgeted, if appropriate. Multifunctional (cuts across different functions). A quality expert, Dr. J.M. Juran, defines a project as a problem scheduled for solution. From this perspective, a project is conducted to solve a problem for an organization. The problem(s) are solved by project work teams and the project manager (Lewis, 1995). Project ManagementThe best way to learn about project management is to understand what it is not. Project Management is not software and it is not just scheduling (Lewis, 1995). Project management has two aspects (Heerkins, 2002: 6):The art Ââ€" leading people on a project. The science Ââ€" defining and coordinating the work to be done. According to Lewis (1995:4-5), project management is the: “planning, scheduling, controlling of project activates to achieve performance, cost, and time objectives for a given scope of work using resources efficiently and effectively.” As a project manager you will always manage competing demands for people, money and time to meet specified project goals and requirements. Sound tough? It can be. It can also be challenging and help you to develop your management skills. There are both ProÂ’s and ConÂ’s of being a project manager (Heerkins, 2002: 3). ProÂ’sIt can be a steeping stone to promotion. It provides a strong sense of accomplishment. ThereÂ’s variety: no two days are alike. ThereÂ’s significant freedom of choice. It affords the opportunity to effect change across the organization. ConÂ’sIt requires significant tolerance for politics. It requires significant tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty. ThereÂ’s a lot of responsibility, but little or no affordability. You may feel “disconnected” from your technical discipline and prior work experiences. You may be perceived as not having a “real job.”The advantages and disadvantages of project management as outlined by Kerzner ( 2003:3) are:Potential BenefitsIdentification of functional responsibilities to ensure all activities is accounted for in the project. Measurement of accomplishment against tasks. Improved capability for future planning. Identification of:oTime limits. oMethodologyPotential BarriersProject complexity. Special requirements and changes per customer. Organizational restructuring. Project risks. Changes in technology. Project management calls for the creation of a small organizational structure Ââ€" the project team. This team is often multifunctional and is representative of the larger organization (Heerkins, 2000). For example, the project team may consist of a data analyst from research, a customer service representative, a person from finance and so forth. Also, as the learning team is your partners in learning, the project team will be your partners throughout the project management process. This process involves:Defining the goal of a project. Determining the results you expect from your project. Working within a budget. Setting-up a schedule. Selecting your teams and establishing roles. Making sure tools and technology are in place. Monitoring on-going process. Maintaining team morale. Dealing with problems that may arise. Keeping stakeholders (such as customers, clients, and executives) informed of your progress. Brining the project to a conclusion. Accessing what went right and what went wrong (Mintzer, 2002:5-8). It is important to note that these activities within this process are iterative in nature because there will be progressive elaboration on each activity throughout the life cycle of the project. As the Project Management  Institute describes, “project management is the application of knowledge, skills and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements (2000:6).” In summary, project management is an emerging profession that is both art and science which follows processes to bring about the successful completion of a project. Project Management ReviewProject Management depends on a project team that is:Cross-functional and diverse in experience and expertise. Representative of the larger organization. Motivated to bring the project to a conclusion. Project Management is:An art and a science. The planning, scheduling and controlling project activities. The measurement of accomplishment against goals and requirements. An emerging profession with the goal to bring projects to completion on time and within the budget. SummaryThis lecture has covered both projects and project management. It will give you a basis for understanding the complexities, challenges and opportunities of the project management process. This lecture was developed to help you in: 1) recognizing projects, 2) developing an understanding of project management 3) and recognizing the project management process. References Dobson, M.S. (2003). Streetwise Project Management, How to Manage People. Processes and Time to Achieve the Results You Need. Avon, MA.: Adams Media Corporation. Heerkens, G.R. (2002). Project Management, a Briefcase Book. New York: McGraw-Hill. Kerzner, H. (2003). Project Management, A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. 8th Ed. New York: Wiley. Lewis, J.P. (1995). Project Planning, Scheduling, and Control, A Hands-On Guide to Bringing Projects in on Time and on Budget, Chicago: Irwin Professional Publishing. Project Management Institute (2000). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, PPMBOK Guide. An American National Standard, ANSI/PMI 99-001-2000. Newton Square, PA.: PMI. Mintzer, R. (2002).The Everything Project Management Book, Tackle any Project with Confidence and Get it Done on Time. Avon, MA.: Adams Media Corporation.

Interaction Between Violence and Distance in Assault - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1070 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2018/12/19 Category Literature Essay Type Book review Level High school Tags: Novel Essay Did you like this example? The novel Assault as written by the Dutch author Harry Mulisch is one of the literally work that effectively portrays a combination of emotions in the manner it is written. The novel narrates a story of a young man named Anton that was living during the Second World War. The effects of the war that was there in the whole world are evident from the beginning of the novel where Anton had to move far away from his home after his two parents were killed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Interaction Between Violence and Distance in Assault" essay for you Create order The author has managed to bring out a close relationship that exists between violence and emotional distance. Anton is described to be full of strong emotions as a result of the death of his parents that also leaves him homeless and had to live with relatives far away from home. Anton is in a constant struggle with strong emotions after the parents were killed and he moved from their homes. He lived in a bewailing mood for many years yearning to go back home where his family was killed. Seven years later the after the massacre he gets back to their home only to find the find the burned down residence. The main reason that he Anton cannot manage to stay all his life normally without going back to his burned residence is that he felt attached to the bond that existed between in their family before the massacre causing an emotional stir. It is only when he gets back into the burned residence that the events that took place on the fateful day become vivid in him. While he is far from home he does live in denial for all the time. After the opening of the book where Anton watches the death of his parents and killing of the neighbors which subsequently led to the burning of their residence the novel jumped to 1952. The author describes the events that took place over the period not to be very important. Though the novel might not contain much explanation about the life of Anton over the given period there is still a lot that was undergoing in his life emotionally. As he tries to continue living a normal life and he goes to school to become a doctor later on in his life the night of the massacre becomes more vivid as the development took place. The events that he saw become more unbelievable. In cases that a person undergoes emotional trauma just as Anton did it is important that they do accept the situation that took place and moves on and it is only possible if they are not taken very far from the site of the action for him to live in acceptance, When they are taken away, they tend to live in denial and it can affect their emotional whole life negatively. The subsequent episodes that take place involve Anton meeting with different people attached to the killings that took place during the world war. In 1956 they share a moment of an emotional spat with the Fake Ploeg as Anton informs that his father was killed by the group that the father to Ploeg belonged to. Fake is also in denial of the event that had taken place and that is why he seeks for someone to blame in order to comfort his life. Anton, however, does not allow him and gives a correct recount of events that took place. It possibly was hard for Ploeg to accept the death of his father easily without knowing to whom it was supposed to be blamed on. For all the years that they lived in distance with Anton he all along had the wrong information that caused his heart to remain in anger. If only there was no existence of the long distance then they would have shared on the matters concerning the issue and started the journey towards healing emotionally. As the novel continues the author introduces more characters that meet Anton who are most people of his generation. During the meetings, it emerges that there is antagonism that is held in each persons hearts thinking it is their neighbor they are to blame for the massacre of their families. It was hard for each of the people that Anton met in his life to accept that their neighbors were not on the opposite side of the war some even being Nazis supervisors. The separation that took place after the violence made it hard for any reconciliation to take place since each of the survivors went their way without even knowing how their massacred brothers, sisters and parents were buried. It only emerges when it is too late that the neighbors thought that their enemies were next door and had cost them their beloved parents and siblings. The distance that was created emotionally detached the people that were once in unity. The author describes that the greatest challenge that the people faced after the war was the emotional alienation and detachment from their fellow survivors. It was hard for the people described to determine who could be trusted and the one that should be treated with contempt. All the events that unfold however make the issue of guilt and innocence become more vague and hard to comprehend as the blame game ensues. Mulisch managed to show Anton as a character that had great depth of emotions that was characterized by trying to cover up his emotions that were really huge especially after the separation of the people that he loved. The fact that the after the massacre Anton went to live with a people that had not experienced the war it was hard for them to associate with his emotions that were quite sad. If at all he had got a chance to continuously share with the people that they had the same emotional problems then it would have been easy for the continuous healing from the trauma. It was unfortunate for the characters that they had no chance of being together and share on matters affecting them emotionally after the massacre. In conclusion, Mulisch manages to show the emotional effects that people that have gone through a certain war trauma have to undergo and especially if they are separated from each other and from the place of their residence. Anton being the main character suffers greatly emotionally even he undergoes tough times as he also tried to unearth how his parents died.

Task 5 2.1 Explain Key Components of a Healthy and Safe...

TASK 5 2.1 Explain key components of a healthy and safe home-based environment. To ensure a healthy environment you must meet the four coloured EYFS themes and legal requirements (ACT 2006) and also children’s (ACT2004). Every child matters: .Be happy .stay safe .enjoy amp; achieve .make positive contribution .achieve anomic well-being Common core: Sets out six areas of essential skills and knowledge required. .Effective†¦show more content†¦This will reduce future conflict between carers and parents. Keep good communication and relationship with parents to fully understand each child’s individual needs, i.e. Allergies, medical conditions, medication, specific needs and diet requirements. Ensure a clear understanding and have the correct information details from parents,i.e. Addresses, phone numbers, names of family members and what’s their relationship to the child and who will be picking them up in an emergency and what are their contacts should an emergency occur. To avoid hazards and accidents occurring put measures in place for example. Fire guards, safety gates to block off areas that are not child safe. To avoid children touching dangerous appliances, equipment put in place safety socket covers, locks on cupboards, drawers, cooker, and washing machine. Do not use blinds with cords to avoid strangulation and have ponds covered or in a restricted area to avoid a child draining. Have a checklist in place for each room and regularly risk assesses each room for possible threats. Keep all main doors locked to prevent a child escaping and intruders entering however keep keys in an easy obtainable place out of reach of children but in case of an emergency. Fit smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors on every level of your setting and test them regularly. 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